Although approx. 20% of the seaborne cargo by tonnage is carried in container vessels, they constitute approx. 66% in value of the Global International Trade and employ a substantial number of workers. Container shipping, compared to Bulk shipping, is indeed…
Dry shipping disputes generally relate to contractual breaches with respect to charter partiesi, contracts of carriage, sale & purchase and insurance/reinsurance contracts etc. whereas Wet shipping disputes relate to accidents at sea such as collisions, general average, salvage etc. The…
The Late Sanjeev Bhandari was a doyen of the Marine Insurance field in India. Late Sanjeev Bhandari left for his heavenly abode on 04th Jan 2017 and is sorely missed by all. He was a source of wisdom, knowledge, inspiration,…
A Bill of Lading (“B/L”) is perhaps the most important shipping document given that it facilitates the transfer of title to the cargo. While the B/L is generally considered to have three functions (Receipt, Evidence of a contract of carriage…
Cash on delivery (“COD”) is a common business termi used generally for the sale of goods in the consumer market. The buyer is expected to pay cash at the time of delivery of the goods to the delivery person, often…
During one of the webinars we attended, the case of The CMA CGM Libra was discussed and in which participants raised queries on who would bear the shortfall in the General Average (“GA”) kitty should one of the cargo interests…
We had earlier written another article on Standard Trading Conditions and which can be viewed at It is invariably a requirement for Logistics Service Providers (“LSP”) that they contract with their clients on the basis of compulsorily applicable cargo…
Disputes invariably arise in International business and which may be due to many factors including biases, different understanding of the facts, parties based at different jurisdictions including different legal systems i.e., common or civil lawi, etc. The shipping industry has…
There have been enough tomesi written on Notice of Readiness (“NOR”) and the intention of this article is not to add on to these. Given that issues on NOR’s regularly rears up, the Association of Maritime International Commercial Interests &…
A Foreign Arbitral award can be enforced in India in the following three ways: Award can be enforced as per the provisions of S 47 to S 48 of the (Indian) Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 (Indian Arbitration Act). If…